Examination Hall Essay Example for Free

Examination Hall EssayOthers, who may have analyze through the year but the paper has been a disappointment to them, are seen as though struggling with their memories and scratching their brains. This they seem to be doing in the intrust as if, by scratching their heads, information about the questions in front of them may pop out of their heads.There is here, in the hall, still another syndicate of students who have trifled with their studies all through and thus probably expected nothing in the paper and also got nothing in their favour. Such students can be very easily spotted in the hall, within a few minutes of distribution of the papers. They just fidget with things as if that could help.Considering how important these three hours in the hall can be and really are, one does at times feel the absurdity of this method of judging the knowledge of students that they have acquired in the lick of a year.After the whole year of 365 days, these three hours are going to fix the d estiny of the student sounds really awkward. These three hours are, as if a affluent rope walk for the examinees, or walking on a razors edge for, it is these hours which can and will make or mar the future of the student.Even though at the face of it these three hours in an examination hall appear to be a hoax of an examination system, it appears as though there is no other practical method of testing the knowledge of students that is of course a must.

Social Networking Essay Example for Free

Social Networking EssayA affable networking usefulness is an online service, platform, or site that focuses on facilitating the building of societal networks or social transaction among people who, for example, sh atomic number 18 interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life connections. There argon dating sites, friendship sites, sites with a business purpose and hybrids that offer a combination of these When it comes to online social networking, websites are comm tho used. These websites are known as social sites. Social networking websites function like an online community of internet users. Depending on the website in question, m any of these online community members theatrical role common interests in hobbies, religion, politics and alternative lifestyles. Once you are granted access to a social networking website you can begin to socialize.This socialization may overwhelm reading the profile pages of other members and possibly even contacting them. A social netwo rk service consists of a representation of each user (often a profile), his/her social links, and a variety of additional services. Most social network services are web-based and provide means for users to interact over the Internet, such as netmail and instant messaging. Online community services are sometimes considered as a social network service, though in a broader sense, social network service usu ally means an individual-centered service whereas online community services are group-centered.Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, activities, events, and interests within their individual networks. Social networking establishes interconnected Internet communities sometimes known as personal networks that help people make contacts that would be good for them to know, but that they would be unlikely to have met otherwise. In general, heres how it works you join forces one of the sites and invite people you know to join as well. Those people invite their contacts to j oin, who in turn invite their contacts to join, and the process repeats for each person. In theory, any individual can make contact through anyone they have a connection to, to any of the people that person has a connection to, and so on.The primary(prenominal) types of social networking services includea) Facebook is the worlds largest social network, with more than 900million users. Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook in 2004 while he was attending Harvard University.b) Google+, a social network operated by Google, Inc., launched on June 28th, 2011 with integrations across a number of Google products, including Buzz and Profiles. c) Twitter is a free microblogging service founded in 2006 by Jack Dorsey and plot Stone. At its heart are 140-character bursts of information called tweets. Users can include links to other content in their tweets, and broadcasts can be public or private.d) YouTube was founded in February 2005 and has become the go-to site for video on the web. One hour o f video is uploaded to YouTube e real second.e) WhatsApp Messenger is a cross-platform instant messaging application available only to the smartphones iPhone, BlackBerry, Android and Symbian. In addition to normal texting, WhatsApp Messenger users can send each other images, video and audio media messages, as well as pack in group conversations between multiple users.Social networking has some benefits for example you are able to make friends. Another one of those benefits includes diversity because the internet gives individuals from all around the world access to social networking sites. This means that although you are in the United States, you could develop an online friendship with someone in Kenya. Not only pull up stakes you make new friends, but you just might learn a thing or two about new cultures or new languages and tuition is always a good thing. Social networking also has some disadvantages associated with it, for example employers can use information on social site s to learn about potential employees.Reading profiles and perusing photos has become standard for human resources departments in some companies. Ones job search could be affected accordingly. Most of this sites are also addictive and this can affect your studies if you are student and affect your job if your are working. There are dangers associated with social networking including data theft and viruses, which are on the rise. The almost prevalent danger though often involves online predators or individuals who claim to be someone that theyare not Social site issue is growing very first and currently we have cellphone application.The cellphone potential for socializing is growing all the time, and mobile features allow users to continue their experience when away from home, naturalize or office. The GPS feature built into many smartphones adds the twist of knowing where friends are at any given moment. Social networking will remain relevant to those who are willing to continue learning as new techniques come out and also new services are developed. This is because looking at the current trend in technology there is a high speed growth in this field.

Features of a Professional Assessment

Features of a Professional AssessmentThis assignment w chastening management on addressing the distinctive features of a sea captain estimate in mixer work. It will look into the importance of perspicacity, the estimate adjoin and law and policy which relates to perspicacity. in the end it will address sagaciousness in practice with regards to two aid user groups namely former(a) people and psychological health.Assessment is part of the grounding of cordial work practice, the better the quality of assessment the more effective it would be (McDonald, 2006). Coulshed (1991) describes assessment as analysing border of selecting, organising and synthesising information. McDonald (2006) describes it as an intellectual routine, it is a pawn used to make sense of information relevant to issues examined. Assessment is used in m either opposite forms and with different wait on user groups, some forms of assessment include risk assessment, the single assessment addresses and mental health assessments. Assessment is essenti tout ensembley identifying the needs and risks in an individual situation to judge which intervention, operate and resources would be most appropriate (Adams, Dominelli and Payne, 2009). The 1990 National health Service and Community C be Act centerd the assessment of community c be work as statutory work. This enabled amicable workers to justifiably claim to be doing statutory work, which needed extensive knowledge and to be done quickly (McDonald, 2006). Community cargon assessment stick out be a gateway to other service, depending on the level of the patients need.The assessment process varies between social workers because of their social work experience, theoretical orientation of the social worker, the social workers values and the relationship between service user and social worker (McDonald, 2006).Social workers also need certain skills to be able to extend to an effective assessment these include listening and com municating skills, being able to counsel and understand a service users problem, sop up an insight of other services available to the service user and be able to weigh the risks the service user may face daily against the resources that may be available to the service user (McDonald, 2010) (Harding and Beresford, 1996).The Victoria Climb inquiry stressed the importance of assessment (Laming, 2003). If assessment is done properly and as a cycle constantly evaluating Laming (2003) predicts that social work practice and the help kick downn to the family would be more effective. Parker and Bradley (2005) understand that assessment is a continual process and use the ASPIRE model to designate how assessment should work. The ASPIRE model stands for assessment, excogitatening, intervention and review and evaluation (Sutton, 1999). This model shows assessment as a process that never stops because service users situations compound over magazine, reviewing and evaluating the situation and continually reassessing helps to discover if the show up taken is effective or if the service user needs a different one in place. Milner and OByrne (2002) have similar recommendations to Laming (2003) they conclude that intervention is more likely to succeed when assessment is effective (Parker and Bradley, 2005).Within any setting assessment involves a bit of features according to Milner and OByrne (2002) these include preparation, planning and engagement. The first step involves identifying the main people surrounding the case and then establishing a deadline under which information has to be collected. The side by side(p) step involves the collection of information. This includes what the individual wants, their problems and information from other sources for example professional statements. The next part of the assessment process involves looking at the data and assessing their needs, by taking into greenback how they are currently functioning and weighing the risks. The la st step involves producing an action plan. This concludes what help is needed, what resources are available and when reviews will take place (Milner et al, 2002).There are a number of policies and guidance which highlight the importance of assessment and the need for them to be used by social workers. The National Health Service Community Care Act, 1990 discussion section 47 Assessment of Needs for Community Care Services is an essential part of the legislation when assessing an individuals needs. Under this section when it appears that any persons for whom the local potency may provide community economic aid or services or may be in need of any other such services the local authority should carry out an assessment of their needs for those services. Upon receiving assessment results the local authority notify then learn whether their needs are great enough to be given provision of services.Fair Access to Care Services (2003) guidance understands that consistent access to servic es should be across the country but provision is prioritised into set criteria according to risk and independence. All local authorities have the same eligibility criteria. However they can come to different decisions. This is guidance not law, so any local authority can decide on the scale the individual would be on before services can be given (Clements, 2004).Features of assessment in relation to one-time(a) peopleThe NHS plan (Department of Health, 2000) and the National Service Framework for onetime(a) people (2001) introduced the single assessment process (SAP). The aim of this process is to provide person centred care to service users and also their carers. Parker and Bradley (2003) concluded that the government produced this untested process because historically in that location were a number of criticisms involving squad working within different disciplines. The SAP was produced to pr pointt questions being needlessly duplicated by different disciplines and to bundle the information between all and to ensure person centred care. The National Service Framework for Older People was the first wide-ranging strategy that poreed on fair, quality health and social care for older people (National Service Framework for Older People, 2001). The aim of person centred care is to ensure all older people are treated individually, that they receive care appropriate to them. Social workers moldiness also take into account anti discriminatory practice when conglomerate in assessing any individual, the service users decisions must lead the process. Social workers will have foregoing experience of the assessment process, and possibly of older people in similar situations, its imperative that the service user is safeguarded against direction from the social worker to ensure that the social worker does not lead the assessment. The process must focus on the service users views and perspectives throughout.The SAP involves three broad levels (McDonald, 2010). Conta ct assessment, which includes individuals who may need support from different services. Overview assessment involves mental, physical and social needs including the partake of their needs on the family and carers this level supports multi disciplinary teams. The last level is a specialist assessment, taken when more understanding is needed regarding an individuals need and how they can tolerate it. Another assessment available is a comprehensive assessment. This is offered when the older person needs intensive and long term treatment.A comprehensive assessment involves basal details, the category of need, the support network the individual has, current problems, carers views, a risk assessment of their current lifestyle, the individuals current strengths, social network and living situation as well as more extensive information.Assessment uses theory and practice to understand the situations of an older person. It involves problems, risks, needs and resources of the older person. It requires professional judgement to take into account all information to give an opinion, whether the older person needs services and resources to be available for them (McDonald, 2010).When processing an assessment with older people there are key elements the professional must consider. McDonald (2010) suggests that good quality assessments of older people involve specific components. These include using a strengths perspective, the older person facilitate has the ability to know where their problems lie and how they would deal with them using this throughout the assessment identifies their strengths. Another component includes coping skills, as they grow older they focus more on what they can do and less on what they have difficulties with. Focusing on their strengths rather than problems ensures a positive approach to the assessment process. Social workers must ensure anti discriminatory practice takes place, an important component of this is citizenship, it involves the serv ice user participating in decision making. When moving to a care rest home for example the older persons care plan should involve advocacy so they can continue to make decisions regarding their health and social care, societal changes and their living purlieu within the care home. Respecting their decisions is a value social workers should have in practice. Social workers need to understand that family and carers needs may be different to that of the older person and these may need to be a priority. The social worker must also tell the older person about the assessment process giving information about why its being conducted and what the aim of the process is.Although the SAP was produced to bring all information together there were criticisms of working with different disciplines. A literature review by Challis, Clarkson, Williamson, Venables, Hughes, Burns and Weinburg (2004) found that there was a lack of trust between disciplines when implementing the SAP. The SAP is a long pr ocess and each level takes time that some professionals dont have. Also if the older person is having difficulty they may need to make provisions to enable them to continue with tasks they queue difficult until a decision is made regarding resources available to them. However they may not be given the amount of resources and services that the service user expects. Those who are not eligible have needs but are concluded to have not sufficient needs to receive help. These older people are expected to use provisions around them, for example family and friends to help with the problems they face (Henwood and Hudson, 2008). Henwood and Hudson (2008) found that those older people who had sufficient money to fund their services matt-up that they had to discover their own way to find the right services available, having not received the advice and information that other older people going through the assessment process would get.Following from the assessment process the older person then r eceives an individual care plan. This care plan shows the objectives and outcomes from the support provided. The individual care plan builds on the older persons strengths, how they can address their needs, the older person should also agree to the care plan being implemented.Personalisation is now being introduced in the UK. This new method of assessment involves a self assessment of needs. A Personal cypher questionnaire is then completed. This questionnaire is simple and designed to help the older person give information about their needs. The social worker will complete it with the service user and family member. The decision of eligibility is then decided. If they are eligible they will be allocated a sum of money through a personal budget, further assessments would be completed to calculate how much the service user would have to contribute. Once the budget is agreed upon the service user can plan where they want to spend their allocated money on the support they want.Feature s of assessment in relation to mental healthThere are a number of different assessments which are involved in the mental health services. Depending upon the individuals circumstances specific assessments would take place. Section 47 of the National Health and Community Care Act (1990) states that any individual who has needs of services under a local authority the local authority must carry out an assessment. A decision then follows this assessment. Depending on the mental health of an individual the assessment would focus on their problems and needs and how they could execute the best outcomes. Standard 2 of the National Service Framework for Mental Health (1999) specifies that any service user that has contacted their primary health care team with a common mental health problem should have their needs identified and assessed.Previously the Mental Health Act 1983 and the Common law of need have been used to assess the needs of individual with mental health problems. Recently the common law has been replaced by the Mental Capacity Act. Assessors within this service now use a broader approach to include the criteria of both the Mental Health Act, 1983 and the Mental Capacity Act, 2005 (Barber, Brown and Martin, 2009).Mental health assessment involves a broad scope of information to collect. The Mental Health Act considers the mental disorder, the nature of the disorder, whether the person or others are at risk, the type of treatment demand for example if the individual needs hospitalisation or if its possible to use community based mental health services and if its possible to give services without the individual being hospitalised (Barber et al, 2009). Its much less intrusive to the individual if it is appropriate for them to receive care in their community rather than going into hospital and because of the fool attached to using a section 2 or 3 of the Mental Health Act any social worker or professional in this setting would chose community care if they c ould.Assessment with regard to the Mental Capacity Act draws upon information involving the impairment of the individual, the age of the individual, the individuals capacity of making decisions and if the care they would receive would be a deprivation of liberty (Barber et al, 2009).An assessment under the Mental Health Act can be done compulsorily when there is a mental disorder, or if it is in the patients safety or health and to protect others. Before the assessment takes place the social worker should look into previous history and liaise with other professionals involved in the case. Depending on whether you use a section 2 which last 28 days or a section 3 which lasts up to 6 months a team is needed to admit the individual. When assessing under these sections the social worker must ask questions regarding evidence of mental illness and the risk towards the individual or others, if the patient consents to informal admission or if there are alternatives to hospitalisation.A Care programme approach assessment may be offered when an individual leaves an inpatient psychiatric unit or uses a community mental health team. This assessment is encouraged as all aspects of care are co-ordinated by one person. The assessment involves personal history, social situation, description of the illness and symptoms and length of treatment and what the individuals needs are. The care programme approach incorporates four specific elements, as defined in Building Bridges a guide to arrangements for inter-agency working for the care and protection of severely mentally ill people (DOH, 1995). These elements include the assessment of health care and social needs. The formed care plan, the appointment of a key worker who has a responsibility to reminder the care of the service user and the last element includes regular reviews of the care given and if needed how to adapt the care because of changes of need.Mental health assessments are modify because of individuals complex situ ations assessing risk and needs as well as resources available. Social work practice must encompass a number of strategies when undertaking assessment for it to be effective. The care programme approach enables social workers to focus on the individual directing through all aspects of care and co-ordinating their care when the assessment process is finished.The social worker is constantly receiving information including guidance from governments, evidence from research and literature. There is only vague guidance on how to undertake the assessment of the individual, even though assessment is so important because the results will undeniably affect the individuals life for the upcoming future for a substantial amount of time. Social workers must balance risk, resources and the individuals needs whilst undertaking the assessment, a process which can be very intricate and complicated when an individual has diverse needs and their risks are so great. However as social workers reflect on their previous assessments they will take away a strong idea of what works and this over time will help make assessments more effective.Assessment is vital within social work and the features of assessment differ depending on the type of service the social worker is within. However within any service the assessment process still requires similar techniques including individualisation and citizenship and being open and honest. Many reports and papers have shown that when assessment is done correctly and uses an ecological approach which covers society and familial relationships as well as at an individual level then the assessment process will be more effective.

Factors to Consider in Annual Accounts

Factors to Consider in Annual AccountsFinancial AccountingA friend of yours has a sizeable portfolio of investments mainly ordinary roles in UK listed companies. tour talking to him ab step to the fore this you realise that he never looks at the annual accounts of those companies to help him assess his position, relying instead on tips and hints given in the quality newspapers.Do you feel that this is a sensible strategy, and why?It is sensible to gather opinions from quality newspapers and experts comments from the media. As the resolvent will later explain, the market sentiment reflected in the share price involves a group of factors that alter the price. However, a sensible strategy would demand the use of fiscal accounts as a major source of training becoming the most important tool for making decisions on whatever given beau monde.Over the last years the improvement in reporting systems impose by financial regulators have led investors to play a more active role when hold ing ordinary shares in public listed companies. In principle, shareholders should incessantly review the level of earnings per share compared to the return on investment expected, which is based on the horizon projected when the investment portfolio is created.During the investment period any shareholder can follow the achievement and the sector in which the company operates in order to assess if the position adopted is beneficial and at the identical time evaluate the companys top executive to deliver returns. In this order of ideas, financial accounts are a primary source of data reflecting the financial position of the company (normally at the end of each quarter) and producing effective comparisons on the surgerys against previous years and its competitive position with industry competitors.From the investors predict of view, accounts exercise a pivotal source of data through providing financial and economic variables that measure the value of the investment for instance t he liquidity prospects and the companys capacity to sustain profitability and growth.In relation to public ordinary shares, since they are traded on a daily basis offering market liquidity and flexibility to modify (buy or sell) the composition of the portfolio, common shares (ordinary shares in the US) entitle the holder to share when a distribution of dividends takes place and, in normal circumstances, their voter turnout at companys meetings (Black, p335). Being holder of ordinary shares increases the need for assessing accounts as the investment return is materialised only in earnings per share or when they are sold at a premium price.To summarise, it is highly recommendable to establish constant access to primary source channels tieing the companys performance in the past and present with the capacity to forecast the future day. Farmer (1986, p247) explains that the share price in the market is influenced by several factors such us refer rates, inflation, technology change s, factors changing the business environment, oil prices, etc. Therefore, the ability to combine the market sentiment over any given company and the companys earnings generates an integral mechanism to guide shareholders decision on a particular stock.Do you think there are any matters he should unimpeachably examine in the annual accounts, and if so, what?McKenzies contribution in interpreting financial data, define financial accounts as the way to show if the business is efficacious in terms of profitability trend and the strengths acquired in relation to liquidity to fund working capital and capital expenditure and the companys ability in keeping growth momentum reflected on P and L and balance sheet statements (Mckenzie, 1998, p 8-9). Before any type of assessment on the accounts, a shareholder needs to have a comprehensive view on the company and its ability to perform in the future.By narrowing the answer down, Kettell (2001, p152) and Blake (1984, p26) agree in affirming th at the importance of accounts for shareholders is the valuation of stocks held using earnings indicators. Dividends are paid out of earnings, in the case of all earnings paid out as dividends the Profit and Loss statement accounts them as dividends if the earnings are retained by the company, a reinvestment of capital policy is expected to support future plans. Blake (1984, p26) uses the term investor ratios, which relates the accounts to shareholders main interest. Refer to (i) and (ii)(i) recompense per share ratio EarningsNumber of ordinary shares(ii) Dividends per ordinary share Dividends-Number of ordinary sharesAs mentioned before, accounts link the performance of the company in the past with the present and historically produce data to forecast the financial position highlighting growth, liquidity, profitability and debt structure as the most relevant. Farmer (p248, 1994), explain how investor ratios can be related to the market and how they efficiently assess the performanc e trend in terms of investors returns by associating the underway market price of ordinary shares. Refer to (iii) and (iv)(iii) Price-earnings to ratio (PER) Market price per ordinary share x 100Earnings per ordinary share(iv) Earnings Yield Earnings per Share x 100Market price per ordinary shareThe investor ratios translated into facts for the shareholders demonstrate that the growth of earnings over time and incidental rise in share prices is largely caused by the company management and workforce, and shows evidence of the companys operating efficiency. Positive trends out these ratios identify the companys competitive position however, it is relevant to affirm that earnings are not dividends. Thus, the overall analysis for each investor has to validate whether a cash lessen position is met in line with the boards of directors decision on either distributing or retaining dividends going forward. (Farmer, p249-250).Finally cash flow, according to McKenzie (1998, p271) explains t hat two observations should be made in relation to cash position, a. Operating Cash Flow and b. Cash Generation. The cash position as a result of operating activities indicate if the core of the operation is generating working capital, capital investment reserves and liquidity to responds to dividends policies.BibliographyBlake, J.D. (1984) Interpreting accounts, theory and practice for accounting examinations, Van Nostrand Reinhold UK.Black, J. (2002) Dictionary of economics. Oxford University Press Oxford.Farmer, E R (1986) do sense of company reports, Van Nostrand Rinhold, England.Kettell, B (2001). Financial economics, making sense of market information. Prentice Hall London.McKenzie W, (1998), Guide to using and interpreting company accounts FT, coal miner Publishing, second edition.

Introduction to Buffer Solutions

Introduction to raw sienna SolutionsIntroductionBuffer solution is a solution consisting a multifariousness of weak acid and its conjugate base . Furthermore they declare that archetype solutions are very essential to keep the pH value nearly invariable in variety of chemical application. ( Crowe and Bradshaw 2010)M each life forms thrives only in a relatively small pH range so they utilize a cushion solution to maintain a constant pH, one common example of a buffer solution found in nature is blood. buffer solution is very vital t keep the pH at a constant value in variety of enzymes in many organisms to written report this is due to different enzymes work at different prcised pH. On the same way they state that if the pH range moves above or on a lower floor the range, the enzymatic action either stops or can denature where there are many cases denaturation can permanently disable their catalytic activity. ( Kotz, Treichel and Townsend ,2009)Buffer of carbonic acid and bicarb onate is present in blood plasma maintain pH between 7.35 to 7.45.Over more they clarify that there are dickens main types of buffer form,Acid buffer system the solution containing large amount of weak acid and its salt with strong base is termed as acid buffer solution.pH = pKa + log salt / acidBasic buffer system the solution containing large amount of weak base and its salt with strong acid is termed as basic buffer solution.pOH = pKb + log salt / base(Moore, Stanitski and Jurs (2009)In living organisms including human the important buffer solution to maintain the ph of the blood is bicarbonate buffering system. On the another(prenominal) hand they state that this bicarbonate buffer system tends to maintain relatively constant plasma pH, where carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acids which in subroutine rapidly dissociate to form atomic number 1 ions and bicarbonate ions.( Lanham et al ,2011)CO2 + H2O H2CO3 HCO3 + H+Blood is dumped by excess hydrogen ions, some of those hydrogen ions associate with bicarbonate forming carbonic acid results in step-up in acidity of the blood. As well as they elaborate that due to this incident the buffering system becomes powerful regulator of acidity by accompanying with respiratory compensation in which breathing is altered to modify the carbon dioxide in circulation which results in increase in ventilation therefore increase the loss of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. (Rhoades and Bell (2012),pH meter is a electronic device that is used to measure the ph of the solution, where a typical pH meter consists of a special measuring probe connected to an electronic meter that measures and display the reading. (Kenkel,2013)ObjectivesTo know how to prepare buffer solution.To practice again how to prepare standard solution.To know how to measure the pH using pH meter.Materials UsedElectronic balancePipetteMeasuring piston chamberWatch glassBeakerpH meterVolumetric flask (100ml)NaHPO4 powder (0.7 g)Na2HP O4 powder (1.56 g)Sodium hydroxide pelletsAmmonium chloride powderGlass rodSpatula methodologyAt pH 7NAHPO4, 0.70g and Na2HPO4, 1.56g was taken and mensurable using the electronic balance. whence both NAHPO4 and Na2HPO4 were mixed together into the volumetric flask. First half of the volumetric flask was filled with distilled water and dissolved by inverting. Later on the flask was filled with distilled water till it reaches the meniscus level. Finally the pH was measured.At pH 10NH4OH NH4+ + OH pKb = 4.74pOH = pKb + log NH4+ / NH3pKw = pH + pOH14 = 10 + pOHpOH = 4pOH = pKb + log NH4+ / NH34 = 4.74 + log NH4+ / NH3NH4+ / NH3 = 10 -0.74 = 0.181NH4CL, 0.1m standard solution was made. Afterwards NaOH, 0.34g was measured using the electronic balance. NaOH of 0.34g was obtained by,NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2Ox0.1 x 0 xNH4+ / NH3 = 0.181X = 0.085M of OH-Number of mole of NaOH = 0.085 x (100 / 1000)= 0.0085 molsMass of NaOH = 0.0085 x 40= 0.34gThen afterwards 0.34g of NaOH was dissolved in 0.1 M of NH4Cl to form a buffer solution.NaOH, 0.1m standard solution was made. Afterwards NaOH, 0.34g was measured using the electronic balance. NH4Cl of 0.63g was obtained by,NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2Ox 0.1x 0.1 0 0.1NH4+ / NH3 = 0.181X = 0.1181M of NH4+ Number of mole of NH4Cl = 0.1181x (100 / 1000)= 0.01181 molsMass of NH4Cl = 0.01181 x 35= 0.63gThen afterwards 0.63g of NH4Cl was dissolved in 0.1 M of NaOH to form a buffer solution. Later on using the pH meter the final ph of each buffer solution was measured approximately.ResultsDiscussion / Conclusion all precise work the pH meter should be calibrated before each measurement, at every experiment the calibration is done because the glass rode does not give reproducible electro motive force over longer periods of time. Additionally further he states that pH meter calibration should be performed with at least two standard buffer solutions that span the range of pH values to be measured. (Hauser 2001)Single measurement the probe should b e rinsed with distilled water to remove any traces of solution being measured and then it should be blotted using the scientific wipe to absorb any remaining water which could dilute the sample which alters the reading. (Prichard 2003) generatorCrowe, J and Bradshaw, T (2010). Chemistry of biosciences the essential concepts. Google Books Online. openathttp//books.google.lk/books?id=onacAQAAQBAJpg=PA578dq=buffer+solutionhl=ensa=Xei=UkOuU7OtJJO78gXkvIDYDQredir_esc=yv=onepageq=buffer%20solutionf= absurd(Accessed 28 Aug 2014)Kotz, J., Treichel, P and Townsend, J (2009). Chemistry and chemistry reactivity, enhanced edition. Google Books Online. addressable at http//books.google.lk/books?id=IBESYmQcb0sCpg=PA851dq=buffer+solutionhl=ensa=Xei=u0CuU4PYBYS78gXVpoGIAwredir_esc=yv=onepageq=buffer%20solutionf=false(Accessed 28 aug 2014)Moore, J., Stanitski, C and Jurs, P (2009). Principles of chemistry the molecular science. Googke Books Online.Available at http//books.google.lk/books?id=ZOm8L9oC wLMCpg=PA575dq=buffer+solutionhl=ensa=Xei=u0CuU4PYBYS78gXVpoGIAwredir_esc=yv=onepageq=buffer%20solutionf=false(Accessed 27 aug 2014)Lanham, S.A., Stear,S., Shirreffs,S and Colins, A (2011). Sports and exercise nutrition. Google Books online.Available at http//books.google.lk/books?id=YePJM98Np5MCpg=RA1PT115dq=blood+acting+as+bufferhl=ensa=Xei=E0KuU8ypKYb_8QWLh4G4Awredir_esc=yv=onepageq=blood%20acting%20as%20bufferf=false(Accessed 28 aug 2014)Rhoades, R.A and Bell, D.R (2012). Medical physiology principles of clinical medicine. Google Books Online.Available at http//books.google.lk/books?id=1kGcFOKCUzkCpg=PA457dq=blood+acting+as+bufferhl=ensa=Xei=E0KuU8ypKYb_8QWLh4G4Awredir_esc=yv=onepageq=blood%20acting%20as%20bufferf=false(Accessed 28 June 2014)Kenkel, J (2013). uninflected chemistry for technicians fourth edition. Google books Online.Available at http//books.google.lk/books?id=JZAAAAAAQBAJpg=PA400dq=ph+meterhl=ensa=Xei=0LOuU8T0Os7r8AWY0oHwAgredir_esc=yv=onepageq=ph%20meterf=false (Accessed 27aug 2014)Hauser, B (2001). Drinking water chemistry laboratory manual. Google Books Online.Available athttp//books.google.lk/books?id=SVxcRu68YGwCpg=PA28dq=calibration+of+ph+meterhl=ensa=Xei=lQ2wU_GhI8yB8gWx9oDAAwredir_esc=yv=onepageq=calibration%20of%20ph%20meterf=false(Accessed 26 aug 2014)Prichard, E (2003). Measurement of pH. Google books Online.Available at http//books.google.lk/books?id=HNJy5rtJLjACpg=PA2dq=ph+meterhl=ensa=Xei=0LOuU8T0Os7r8AWY0oHwAgredir_esc=yv=onepageq=ph%20meterf=false(Accessed 28 aug 2014)

Danzy Sennas Caucasia Essay -- Danzy Senna Caucasia Essays

Danzy Sennas CaucasiaIn Caucasia, by Danzy Senna, Birdie spends time in several polar racial contexts and, in each one, adjusts the racial definition of herself. Through this process, she discovers much about the conception of race in contemporary American society and achieves the nuanced understand that race, while merely a construction, is still (operationally) real. This is contrasted by the more dangerous, oversimplified understanding of race that races are biological rivals, inherently different and unable to coexist without rough sort of power structure embodied by the character of Redbone, who is also a symbol of inauthenticity. This latter prognosis of Redbone shows the emptiness inherent in the views he holds about race, an important reason for his inclusion in the novel.Redbone, which, interestingly enough, according to urbandictionary.com literally means a light-skinned black person with kinky cherry hair, is an incredibly outspoken advocate of the revolution (the m ovement intended to allow Blacks to overthrow Whites in the American power-structure) and the need to use violence to bring it about. In the scene where Redbone shows Birdie the guns, he says, This little girl aint no security risk, brotha. We gotta raise our children to know how to fight (Senna 15). He also tells garnish that maybe he needs to get his head out of them books and put some action behind them high-falutin theories of his (16). This manifestation of black vs. white politics as unabashed advocating of violence and this mockery and belittling of intellectualism as high-falutin in favor of insufficiently thought-out action shows just how facile and oversimplified Redbones views of race are. They are of the slap-up vs. the ... ...cted but that that doesnt mean it doesnt exist that Birdie and her sister express toward the end of the novel upon their reunification (408). Through embodying both falseness and such(prenominal) a self-serving and facile view of race, Redbone s erves as Sennas symbol that they go hand in hand, that is, that such conceptions are empty and inauthentic not true to the way the world actually works. As we begin to doubt who Redbone is, we doubt what he says. Taking this a step further, the sense of inauthenticity associated with him points out the aspect of lying to oneself that is necessary for maintaining these self-serving definitions of race. As Redbone pretends to be something hes not and the flasher denigrates others for an inauthentic sense of power, the racist lies to himself about how the world in reality is to maintain his image of himself, and his race, on top of it.

Essay --

In 1815 The Battle of New Orleans was fought, became the largest battle of the war of 1812, and was won by Andrew Jackson. From that time he was recognized as a national hero for winning such a huge war, even though the Treaty of Ghent was the armistice which had terminate the War of 1812, and was signed earlier than when The Battle of New Orleans occurred. The Product of The War of 1812 was nationalism. America may not have fought the war as unrivalled nation, but it emerged as one nation. (Nascent Nationalism). American art and literature had developed and proceeded to show that nationalism began. Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper succeed international recognition in the 1820s, significantly as the nations first writers of importance to use American scenes and themes (Nascent Nationalism). American authors had begun to perplex equal attention to European writers, and were capable of achieving the level of writing only European authors were recognized as having. Irving s Bracebridge Hall (1822) received at least 32 reviews in the British press, equaling the attention given the work of the two most popular British authors, Byron and Scott. (Eaton).The American System, similar to the Federalist System, produced economic diversification and represents an exertion of nationalism, with its goal to create a unified expanding economy. Henry Clay wanted to create a strong national bank, which would grant lots of mortgages in the atomic number 74 and South. He also envisioned a strong transportation system. The tariff of 1816 was the first tariff in American history passed by Congress instituted generally for protection and revenue (The American System). Clay wanted a protective tariff that would allow for the flourishing of eastern ma... ...A strong primal government was important to Jackson. This strengthened the improved and developed American nationalism. With the belief in a strong democracy and increased involvement and power of military man in the government, Jackson supported the rise of nationalism. Nationalism pushed Jackson to make decisions, which shaped the country. This was shown when he threatened South Carolina by getting military take for action to enforce the federal tariff. Although South Carolina did not go along with paying the tariff, they complied with the government and their idea of collecting a federal tariff. Nationalism oblige many different ideas and was the guiding factor in important American leaders decisions. Nationalism, as a political ideology shaped the accessible life of Americans, and was responsible for the political culture of the United States within the years 1815-1836.